This process is the most common response regulated by the effector in a bacterial two-component system. Helix-turn-helix and leucine zipper domains are found in allosteric proteins like CAP (“cap”) that regulate this process. (20[1]0[1])Biologists use (20[1])arabinose (“uh-RAH-bin-ose”) and IPTG to activate this process in bacteria. (0[1])An attenuator (0[2])shuts off this (0[1])process when tryptophan levels are high (0[1])in a common example (0[1])of negative regulation. This process begins (0[1])at the +1 (20[2])(“plus one”) position after (*) sigma factors bind to the (10[1])-10 (10[4])(“minus ten”) and -35 (“minus thirty-five”) sites, (10[1])then proceeds downstream. (0[1])This process is blocked when the lac repressor is bound (0[2])to its operator. (10[1])This process is initiated at a promoter when (10[1])RNA (10[1])polymerase (10[2])binds to (10[1])DNA. (10[1])For 10 points, name this first step of gene expression (10[1])that (10[1])precedes translation. (10[4])■END■ (10[8]0[2])