Description acceptable. A man most famous for this activity deceived a young Minik Wallace and seized much of the Cape York meteorite in 1894. An Italian pilot best-known for helping with this activity was blamed for the death of 17 companions and was the pilot of the Norge (“nor-gah”) dirigible. A Nobel Prize–winning zoologist who first gained fame with this activity founded an International Office for Refugees and lends his name to the (*) Nansen Passport. A man in the “heroic” era of this activity was celebrated for rescuing men stranded on Elephant Island after the Endurance was destroyed, a story recounted in his memoir South. In 1911, a milestone in this activity was achieved by a Norwegian named Roald Amundsen. For 10 points, name this field of men like Ernest Shackleton. ■END■
ANSWER: polar exploration [accept answers like exploring the Arctic or the North Pole or reaching the poles; after the first sentence, accept answers such as exploring the Antarctic or the South Pole or crossing Antarctica; prompt on exploration or geography or geology by asking “in what location?”] (The person in the first clue was Robert Peary. The pilot was Umberto Nobile.)
<Michael Bentley, History - Cross, Historiography, and Miscellaneous> ~23080~ <Editor: Michael Bentley>
= Average correct buzz position