The best-known invention of Philippe Oechslin uses chains whose odd-indexed elements are these things, which are mapped to by reduction functions. The FIDO Alliance seeks to reduce reliance on these things. (20[2])So-called “salt” is (20[1])added to these things (0[2])in order to inhibit rainbow tables. (20[1])Smudge attacks employ forensic analysis of fingerprints (20[1]0[1])to reveal these things. (20[1])YubiKeys can store (*) “one-time” instances of these things. (10[2])John the Ripper (10[1])is a tool for finding (10[1])these things (10[1]0[1])that can employ (10[1])a dictionary attack (10[1])or (10[1])brute (10[1])force. (10[6]0[1])These things (10[1])are typically (10[1])stored in (10[2])databases (10[1])indirectly (10[2]0[1])as hashes. A minimum length and inclusion of special characters (10[1])may be required in, (10[1])for 10 points, what secret strings used to log (10[1])into accounts? (10[2])■END■ (10[2])