Hugo Winckler and Robert Morey misguidedly conflated Allah with a deity of this object whose followers threw arrows at a statue that was destroyed after the Battle of Badr. This object names the 54th surah, which describes people turning away from “transient magic,” possibly as a reference to the pre-Islamic god Hubal. (0[1])A Keralan king converted to Islam after witnessing a miracle in which Muhammad (*) split this object in (10[1])two. The exact Gregorian date of Eid al-Fitr may not be known ahead of time because the holiday can only start after the first sighting of hilal, a form of this object described in the Surah al-Qamar. (10[2])The Islamic calendar is based on this object. For 10 points, name this object that is depicted on the flags of Mauritania and Turkey alongside a star. (10[2])■END■