The Ives–Stilwell experiment initially used canal rays to measure this effect’s “transverse” form. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this effect in which the perceived frequency of a wave changes based on its motion relative to a reference frame, a cause of redshift.
ANSWER: Doppler effect [or Doppler shift; accept transverse Doppler effect]
[10h] Champeney and Moon found that there was no Doppler shift between a source and receiver rotating on opposite sides of a rotor named for this effect. In this effect, resonant absorption and emission of gamma rays from bound nuclei is recoil-free.
ANSWER: Mössbauer effect [or recoilless nuclear resonance fluorescence; accept Mössbauer rotors]
[10m] Infinitely narrow emission peaks are nonexistent because Doppler broadening affects this probability distribution. This distribution models the velocity of distinguishable gaseous particles.
ANSWER: Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution [prompt on Maxwell speed distribution or Boltzmann speed distribution or Maxwell distribution or Maxwellian distribution]
<Ganon Evans, Science - Physics> ~21196~ <Editor: David Bass>