Question
Pivot Bio sells microbes that allow cereal crops to benefit from this process. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this process which only occurs naturally in bacteria living on dicots (“DIE-cots”). Ongoing efforts to get it to work on monocots like corn aim to expand the colonization of di·azo·trophs or to express rhizobial (“rye-ZOH-bee-uhl”) genes in chloroplasts.
ANSWER: biological nitrogen fixation [or fixing nitrogen; or BNF; accept biological production of ammonia; prompt on fixation]
[10e] Slow-growing rhizobia (“RYE-zoh-bee-uh”) can only live on legumes because they form symbiotic nodules with these plant organs, allowing them to outcompete other microbes in the soil.
ANSWER: lateral roots
[10h] Rhizobia can be tricked into colonizing cereal roots if the crops secrete activators of this process of density-dependent signaling in bacteria. This process regulates bio·luminescence through the lux operon.
ANSWER: quorum sensing [or QS; or quorum signaling]
<Adam Silverman, Science - Biology> ~20876~ <Editor: Adam Silverman>
Summary
| 2023 PACE NSC | 06/10/2023 | Y | 35 | 18.00 | 97% | 54% | 29% |
Data
| Thomas Jefferson B | Barrington B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Canyon Crest | Maggie Walker C | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Rockford Auburn A | Carbondale | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Chattahoochee A | Winston Churchill B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Chattahoochee B | William Fremd | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Choate Rosemary Hall | Moberly | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Dunbar | Cincinnati Hills Christian | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Dallas County | Rockford Auburn B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Winnebago | Detroit Country Day | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Heights | Stevenson B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Hunter A | Washington | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Plymouth | Innovation Academy B | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Norman | Irvington A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Maggie Walker A | John Adams A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Hoover B | Johns Creek A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Johns Creek B | Elkhorn North | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Belmont | Lake Highland | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Thomas Jefferson A | Lincoln-Way East | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Kinkaid | Maggie Walker B | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Detroit Catholic Central B | Mexico | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Mercer County | Mira Loma | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Norris | Midtown | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Detroit Catholic Central C | Northmont A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Northmont B | Innovation Academy A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Parkway West | Saint Joseph | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Richard Montgomery | Hunter B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Solon | Stevenson A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| St. Mark's | Belvidere | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Troy | Hinsdale Central | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| University Lab | Thomas Jefferson D | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Detroit Catholic Central A | Walter Payton | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Thomas Jefferson C | Waukee | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Barrington A | West Point | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Winston Churchill A | New Brighton | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Woodland | John Adams B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |