Gia Dvali, Savas Dimopoulos, and Nima Arkani-Hamed together proposed introducing "large" examples of these things as a potential resolution to the hierarchy problem. A metric is assumed to be independent of one of these things in the "cylinder condition" proposed by Theodor Kaluza. Six of these things are combined in a Calabi-Yau manifold in a common (10[1])example of physical compactification. In the term "p-branes," p denotes the number of these things. (10[2])Superstring (10[1])theory and M-theory respectively have (10[1])10 and 11 (10[1])of these things. (10[2])Because an individual string in string theory exists in exactly one of these things, only one coordinate is needed to specify locations on it. For 10 points, standard spacetime consists of four of what things, three of which correspond to space? ■END■ (10[1])