Janet Abu-Lughod's Before European Hegemony argues for the existence of multiple of these entities, which experience cyclical rhythms and secular trends in the short and long term, respectively. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name these structures proposed by Immanuel Wallerstein as a means to replace nation-states as primary units of analysis.
ANSWER: world-systems
[10m] In world-systems theory, capitalist "core" countries are contrasted with less industrialized countries known by this term. Countries categorized as "semi-" this term form a "global middle class" that stabilize the world-system.
ANSWER: periphery [or peripheral; or semi-periphery or semi-peripheral]
[10e] World-systems theory drew on Fernand Braudel's contributions to this discipline as part of the Annales school. This discipline is concerned with analyzing the development of history.
ANSWER: historiography
<Yingzhi Nyang , Social Science - Mixed/Any>