This concept cycles through black, white, and red periods in the thought of Dong Zhongshu. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this concept. In a book, this concept is explained to the Duke of Shao by the Duke of Zhou, to whom its earliest discussion is credited.
ANSWER: the Mandate of Heaven [or Tiānmìng ("tʼyen-ming"); or Heavenly Decree; or the will of Heaven; or answers indicating a statement of the legitimacy of a ruler emanating from heaven or Tiān or the celestial realm; prompt on just heaven or synonyms; prompt on just Tiān; reject "divine right of kings"]
[10e] The Mandate of Heaven is a crucial concept in the political philosophy of this thinker, whose teaching were compiled into the Analects.
ANSWER: Confucius [or Kong Zi]
[10m] This thinker criticized Confucian interpretation of the Mandate of Heaven. This Warring-States era philosopher advocated "universal love."
ANSWER: Mozi ("MO-tzuh") [or Mo-tzu; or Micius; or Master Mo]
<Clark Smith , Philosophy - Mixed/Any>