This work was the first part of a massive seven-volume encyclopedia called the Kitab al-ibar. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this 1377 work by Ibn Khaldun which advanced a "new science" similar to modern historiography, in addition to touching on subjects like economics and sociology.
ANSWER: Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldun [or Ibn Khaldun's Prolegomena]
[10e] The Muqaddimah was quite critical of this field, whose practitioners included Jabir ibn Hayyan. Practitioners in this field attempted to create the elixir of life and transmute metals.
ANSWER: alchemy [or alchemists]
[10h] A key idea in the Muqaddimah is this Arabic term referring to a type of social cohesion and unified purpose of a given group. Nomads are said to have high levels of this concept.
ANSWER: asabiyyah
<Eric Mukherjee , Philosophy - Pre-20th>