Electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups cause this effect. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this effect in which polar bonds affect a molecule's local electron density.
ANSWER: inductive effect
[10e] Atoms with high values of this quantity, such as halogens, contribute strongly to the inductive effect thanks to their electron-withdrawing properties.
ANSWER: electronegativity
[10h] This effect also induces polarity in a molecule, primarily due to pi bond interactions. Like the obsolete term electromeric effect, this effect can be visualized using resonance structures.
ANSWER: mesomeric effect
<AW, Chemistry>