John Keegan called this man “the most important American strategist of the nineteenth century.” For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this man who extolled the importance of sea power in warfare. His ideas inspired the Anglo-German naval arms race before World War I.
ANSWER: Alfred Thayer Mahan
[10h] Mahan’s ideas are often contrasted with those of this man, who instead claimed that whoever controlled the Heartland controlled the “World-Island,” and thus, the world, in his article “The Geographical Pivot of History.”
ANSWER: Halford Mackinder [or Halford John Mackinder]
[10e] When Mackinder wrote his paper in 1904, this empire controlled the Heartland. This empire was led at the time by Tsar Nicholas II.
ANSWER: Russian Empire
<AG, Ancient/Other History>