A ship-owner nicknamed “John the Teacher” was promised that his rebellion would be supported by a commander with this surname, but that aid never materialized. For 10 points each:
[10m] Give this surname of Alexei, the victorious commander of the Battle of Çeşme (“CHESH-may”), who also names a failed Greek rebellion against Ottoman rule. That commander’s brother with this surname presented his lover with a diamond that may be the same as the Great Mogul Diamond.
ANSWER: Orlov [or Orloff; or Grigory Grigoryevich Orlov or Alexei Grigoryevich Orlov-Chesmensky]
[10h] The Orlov Revolt began when Alexei Orlov landed in this region. In one of the first military actions of the Greek War of Independence, rebels from this region of the Peloponnese took the city of Kalamata.
ANSWER: Mani Peninsula [or Mánē or Maina Peninsula; accept Maniots or Maniates]
[10e] This ruler formulated the “Greek Plan” to partition the Ottoman Empire and was the lover of Grigory Orlov.
ANSWER: Catherine the Great [or Catherine II; prompt on Catherine]
<Alex Fregeau, European History>