Richard von Mises attempted to solve this approach’s reference class problem by developing a theory of “collectives,” which are infinite sequences insensitive to place selections. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this interpretation of probability that defines the probability of A given reference class B as how often A actually occurs within B. It is usually contrasted with the Bayesian interpretation.
ANSWER: frequentism [or frequentist probability]
[10m] This leader of the Berlin Circle, who co-founded the journal Erkenntnis with Rudolph Carnap, coined the name for the reference class problem in his widely-panned defense of frequentism titled The Theory of Probability.
ANSWER: Hans Reichenbach
[10h] Alan Hájek (“HAH-yek”) argued that “epistemic” reference class problems arise for those who accept this principle proposed by David Lewis, which asserts that credence in A conditional on the chance of A should equal the chance of A.
ANSWER: Principal Principle
<Caleb Kendrick, Philosophy>