Alain Aspect, John Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger won the 2022 Nobel in Physics for their experimental tests of this theorem. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this theorem that forbids the existence of local hidden variable theories of quantum mechanics.
ANSWER: Bell’s theorem [accept Bell’s inequality]
[10h] A complement to Bell’s theorem called the Kochen–Specker theorem implies that quantum theories must have this property in addition to non-locality. By this property, measurement outcomes depend on the measure of other observables being measured.
ANSWER: contextuality
[10m] More accurate experimental tests of the Kochen–Specker theorem and Bell’s theorem are “free” of these limitations in experimental setup. They include the “detection” one and the “locality” one.
ANSWER: loopholes [accept detection loopholes or locality loopholes]
<Geoffrey Chen, Physics>