Cutbacks are added to this material to reduce its viscosity, allowing it to be applied at lower temperatures as a tack coat or a chip seal. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this material whose common “hot mix” form is manufactured by combining aggregate with a bitumen binder heated to around 150 degrees Celsius.
ANSWER: asphalt [or asphalt concrete, or blacktop, or pavement; accept tarmac, or tarmacadam, or bitumen macadam, or bituminous macadam; reject “concrete”]
[10h] All modern pavers use the free-floating form of these devices, which adjust their height based on tow speed and the flow of asphalt underneath to create a level mat. The name of these tools can also refer to the material leveled by them.
ANSWER: screed [accept free-floating screed]
[10m] Crocodile cracking of asphalt is sometimes named for this process, in which cracks in a material grow larger via cyclic loading. This process can be described by the Coffin-Manson equation in the low-cycle regime.
ANSWER: fatigue
<Jonathen Settle, Other Science - Engineering and Applied>