In a potential of this type, transitions between states can be suppressed by tuning the potential to the “magic wavelength.” In a potential of this type, the ratio between an interaction matrix element, U, and a tunneling parameter, J, has a critical value denoting a phase transition. Rubidium atoms in a potential of this type transition between superfluid and Mott insulator states as the potential depth is increased. An alternative to the fountain method for making (*) atomic clocks involves a potential of this type which traps atoms using the AC Stark effect. The interference of crossed laser beams forms an “optical” analogue of these structures, which in 3 dimensions come in 14 types and are built from primitive, face-centered, or body-centered unit cells. For 10 points, give this term for the periodic structure formed by crystals. ■END■
ANSWER: lattices [accept optical lattices or crystal lattices; prompt on periodic potentials or harmonic oscillator potential or anharmonic oscillator potential; prompt on optical potential before “optical”]
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= Average correct buzz position