This philosopher theorized that the “friends of God” formed a cosmic hierarchy, at the top of which stands al-Insan al-Kamil, the “Perfect Man.” For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this philosopher who was born in Seville, although his name reflects his family’s descent from pre-Islamic Yemen. This “greatest master” of Sufism wrote a spiritual autobiography called Meccan Revelations.
ANSWER: Ibn Arabi [or Al-Qushayri]
[10h] Ibn Arabi used this Arabic word, meaning “axis,” to denote the role of the “Perfect Man” in the cosmic hierarchy. In Sufism, this term refers to the greatest spiritual leader of a given generation.
ANSWER: qutb
[10e] Ibn Arabi was denounced as a “master of evil” by Ibn Taymiyyah, the forefather of this Islamic traditionalist movement. Similar to Wahhabism, this movement is named for a term for the first three generations of Muslims.
ANSWER: Salafism [or Salafiyya; or Salafi movement]
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