Mòzǐ claimed that this concept, often interpreted as an impersonal, divine moral principle, should guide action like a compass does for a wheelwright. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this concept, whose Confucian interpretation was criticized by Mozi. The Chinese Rites Controversy centered on whether Chinese Christians could use the name for this concept, along with Shàngdì, to refer to God.
ANSWER: Heaven [or Heaven’s will; or tiān; accept tiānmìng or “Mandate of Heaven”]
[10h] Mohists also criticized Confucianism by denouncing this practice as wasteful in the ninth of their ten theses. Against the Mohists, Xúnzǐ called appropriate forms of this practice “the most effective way to govern men.”
ANSWER: music [or song; or playing instruments; prompt on dance; prompt on ritual or lǐ]
[10e] Mohists also criticized the use of this Confucian value to justify lying. This term refers to the central position granted in Confucianism to the loyalty of children to their parents.
ANSWER: filial piety [or xiào]
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