This layer of Earth’s atmosphere is home to noctilucent clouds, which occur at higher altitudes than nacreous clouds. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this layer whose upper boundary is the atmosphere’s coldest region. Temperatures start to rise above it.
ANSWER: mesosphere
[10h] Above the mesosphere, the atmospheric kind of these phenomena dominate air dynamics. Lord Kelvin designed an early analog computer to model them in a different setting, improving upon Laplace’s set of three PDEs.
ANSWER: tides [accept atmospheric tides; prompt on waves]
[10e] The mesosphere has been studied less than other layers because it is only accessible to probes carried by the sounding type of these vehicles. These jet-propelled vehicles are also used to send satellites into the thermosphere.
ANSWER: rockets [accept sounding rockets]
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