Drugs that are oxidized by these enzymes are often sold with a label warning "Do not take with grapefruit juice." For 10 points each:
[10h] Name these heme-containing enzymes that perform Phase I (“one”) metabolism of about 80 percent of all clinically available drugs. They are named for their absorption peak when bound to carbon monoxide.
ANSWER: cytochrome P450s (“P-four-fiftys”) [or CYPs; or P450s; or CYP450s; or cytochrome P450 monooxygenases; prompt on cytochromes or monooxygenases or oxidoreductases]
[10e] Most first-pass drug metabolism by cytochrome P450s, or CYPs (“sips”), occurs in this digestive organ which has four lobes and is fed by the hepatic portal vein.
ANSWER: liver
[10m] Grapefruit juice usually doesn’t affect drugs administered in this manner since they avoid first-pass metabolism by CYPs. This parenteral route of administration is the fastest way to deliver drugs as it requires no absorption and has 100 percent bioavailability.
ANSWER: intravenous [or IV; accept intravascular; accept intraarterial; accept intraosseus; accept descriptions of administration directly into the bloodstream or circulatory system; prompt on injection or shot; reject “intramuscular”]
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