Models based on Andrea Liu and Sidney Nagel’s article “Jamming is not just cool any more” use a phase space of temperature, inverse density, and this quantity to analyze the jamming phase transition in granular materials. (10[1])The critical value of this quantity resolved to a particular plane in a crystal is given by Schmid’s law. For beams with a rectangular or circular cross section, this quantity (10[1])reaches its maximum value at the neutral axis. (10[1])The Tresca criterion (-5[1])is based on when the largest component (-5[1])of this quantity (-5[1])reaches a specified critical value. (10[1]-5[1])This quantity equals “torsion (10[1])over the polar moment of inertia,” all times “the radial distance to the surface in question” for a shaft subjected to torque. (10[1])Components of this quantity are the off-diagonal elements of the Cauchy (10[2])(“KOH-shee”) tensor. (10[2]-5[1])For 10 points, tau denotes (10[1])what (10[1]-5[1])quantity that is the force per area (10[1]-5[2])of a force parallel to the surface of a solid? (10[1])■END■ (10[5]0[4])