Biochemists using this technique rely on bi·celles, bi·layers, or bacterio·phages to establish a rhombic alignment tensor. This experimental technique is used to compute a protein’s Saupe tensor, its random coil index, and an order parameter symbolized “capital S squared.” This technique is the gold standard for real-time measurement of RNA and protein folding ensembles. During refinement, this technique provides both distance and angular constraints by combining a through-space measurement of cross-polarization with residual dipolar couplings. Unlike cryo-E·M or crystallography, this technique provides protein structures in solution through experiments like HSQC or NOESY (“nosy”). Before analysis by this technique, samples are labeled with odd-mass isotopes like nitrogen-15 or carbon-13. For 10 points, name this form of spectroscopy in which nuclear spins are flipped in a magnetic field. ■END■
ANSWER: NMR [or nuclear magnetic resonance; or magnetic resonance spectroscopy or MRS; accept NOESY or nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy; accept COSY or correlated spectroscopy; accept HSQC or heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectroscopy; accept other explicit types of NMR such as protein NMR, proton NMR, carbon-13 NMR, or nitrogen-15 NMR; prompt on spectroscopy until read]
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