The behavior of systems with this property is modeled using the pi-calculus, which Milner, Parrow, and Walker put on a more rigorous algebraic footing than Carl Hewitt’s Actor formalism. Per Brinch Hansen developed a version of Pascal for writing programs with this property based on constructs called monitors that were first theorized by Hansen and Tony Hoare. When designing systems with this property, an MPI implementation, OpenMP, or some combination of the two are used for communication. Proving the correctness of programs with this property requires proving safety and liveness properties. To enable writing programs with this property, high-level languages provide atomic classes. The dining philosophers problem illustrates how systems with this property can enter deadlock. For 10 points, name this property possessed by systems that perform multiple computations at the same time. ■END■
ANSWER: concurrent systems [or parallel systems; accept distributed systems, multi-processor systems, multi-core systems, or multi-threaded systems; prompt on mobile systems; prompt on communicating systems until “communication”; reject “asynchronous systems”]
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