The program GiveDirectly has used M-PESA (“em-PAY-sah”) and MTN to implement one of these programs in Kenya. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name these programs in which an entire population is given equivalent grants, sometimes as a means to replace welfare programs.
ANSWER: universal basic income [or UBI; accept guaranteed minimum income; accept citizens’ dividend, accept demogrants; prompt on negative income tax; prompt on income or dividend]
[10m] Plans to expand this country’s Ingreso Solidario (“een-GRAY-soh soh-lee-DAH-ree-oh”) basic income program fell short due to April 2021 protests about the expansion of value-added taxes suppressed by ESMAD (“ess-MAHD”). In 2020, over a third of environmental activist murders worldwide occurred in this country, whose 2019 protests supported the “peace process.”
ANSWER: Colombia [or Republic of Colombia; or República de Colombia]
[10h] This man’s casinos finance Macau’s basic income, the Wealth Partaking Scheme. Gambling became Macau’s central industry after his chair of the STDM was granted a government monopoly on casinos.
ANSWER: Stanley Ho [or Stanley Ho Hung-sun; or Hé Hóngshēn]
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