Answer the following about Norway’s civil war era, for 10 points each.
[10e] The era began with Sigurd the Crusader’s death, which gave power to a ruler with this name after he said he was Sigurd’s half-brother. A Norwegian king with this name fought an English king with this name at Stamford Bridge.
ANSWER: Harald [or Harold; accept Harold Godwinson or Harold II; accept Harald Hardrada or Harald Sigurdsson or Harald III of Norway; accept Harald Gille or Harald IV]
[10h] The civil war developed into a war between the aristocratic Bagler faction and a rebellious commoner faction named for this material. The faction got its name because its members were supposedly so poor that they made their shoes from this material.
ANSWER: birchbark [accept Birkebeiner, Birkebeinar, Birkebein Party, or Birkebein faction; prompt on wood or bark]
[10m] The Birkebeiner (“beer-kuh-BYE-nur”) won after backing Haakon Haakonsson and Skule Bårdsson (“SKOO-luh BARDS-son”), who held this Old Norse title that roughly means “chieftain.” A man with this title named Birger (“BEER-gur”) helped lead a crusade to establish Swedish rule in Finland.
ANSWER: jarls (“yarls”) [accept earls; accept Birger Jarl]
<European History>