This splinter state formed over Caliph Idrīs al-Māmūn’s decision to remove the name of a Mahdi from the khuṭba, a Friday sermon, and to execute high-ranking Hintāta officials. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this dynasty founded by Abū Zakariyyā. The Zayyānids were loyal to this dynasty until the Siege of Tlemcen.
ANSWER: Ḥafṣid dynasty [or Ḥafṣids; or al-Ḥafṣiyūn]
[10m] Abū Zakariyyā broke from this Caliphate in 1229 when he formed the Ḥafṣid state and reaffirmed allegiance to this earlier state’s founder, ibn Tūmart. The Zayyānids and Marīnids assumed control of this Caliphate’s western possessions in the mid-13th century.
ANSWER: Almohad Caliphate [or Almohad Empire; or Almohads; or al-Muwaḥḥidūn]
[10e] This Tunis-born historian dedicated his wide-ranging Kitāb al-Ibar to the Ḥafṣid ruler Abū al-Abbās. This philosopher posited a cyclical theory of history in the Muqaddimah.
ANSWER: ibn Khaldūn [or Abū Zayd Abd ar-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Khaldūn al-Ḥaḍramī]
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