A hypothetical device that separates fast and slow particles would violate this statement. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this law which states that the entropy of a closed system never decreases.
ANSWER: second law of thermodynamics [prompt on “second law”]
[10h] This scientist reformulated the second law of thermodynamics to state that heat cannot spontaneously flow from hot to cold. His theorem can also be stated as the line integral of dQ over T is equal to or less than zero.
ANSWER: Rudolf Clausius [or Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius]
[10m] The second law limits the efficiency of this ideal thermodynamic cycle named for a Frenchman, which goes through isothermal expansion, isentropic expansion, isothermal compression, and isentropic compression.
ANSWER: Carnot cycle
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