Plotting a normalized temperature against normalized binding energy can be used to find a regime in which these substances “cross-over” with substances described by the BCS theory. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this fifth state of matter consisting of integer-spin particles collapsed into a ground state, named for two scientists.
ANSWER: Bose-Einstein condensate [or BEC]
[10e] The first BEC was created with a form of laser cooling that uses this effect. This effect is the shift in frequency with relative motion between an observer and detector, and is often illustrated using sirens.
ANSWER: Doppler effect [prompt on redshift or blueshift]
[10h] Cornell and Wieman won the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics for creating a BEC from a gas of the 87 isotope of this element.
ANSWER: rubidium [or Rb]
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