This thought experiment includes a man named Oscar, who represents the average English speaker living in the year 1750, before the advances of modern science. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this thought experiment that imagines a substance corresponding to what we call water, but with a complicated chemical formula abbreviated XYZ.
ANSWER: Twin Earth
[10e] The Twin Earth thought experiment was created by this thinker, who claimed that “meaning just ain’t in the head!” Along with Quine, this thinker names an indispensability argument for mathematical platonism.
ANSWER: Hilary Putnam [or Hilary Whitehall Putnam]
[10h] This other thinker argued that a person on earth and their twin have distinct mental states when thinking about “water.” In another paper, this thinker imagined a man named Larry who incorrectly believes that he has arthritis in the thigh.
ANSWER: Tyler Burge
<Simon Fraser A, Philosophy>