S4 systems arise from K, the basis of this subfield, by assuming that if A is necessary, then it is necessary that A is necessary. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this specific field which makes heavy use of square and diamond operators to describe possible worlds. This field’s deontic subfield adds operators such as O, which means “it is obligatory that….”
ANSWER: modal logic [prompt on logic; prompt on deontic logic or temporal logic by asking “What broader subfield encompasses that?”]
[10e] Modal logic quantifies statements by if they possibly or necessarily have this condition. “Tables” named for this condition are used in logic and math to determine the validity of statements.
ANSWER: truth [accept necessary truths or possible truths; accept truth tables]
[10m] The K logic in modal logic is named for this thinker, who pioneered modal logic as a teenager. This philosopher developed the causal theory of reference in his book Naming and Necessity.
ANSWER: Saul Kripke [or Saul Aaron Kripke]
<Philosophy>