Pope Alexander III (“the third”) sent his physician Philip as a failed papal envoy to this ruler. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this ruler of India who supposedly wrote a letter asking Manuel I Komnenos “if [he] held the right faith like us.” Otto of Freising’s (“FRY-sing’s”) Chronicle says that this Christian ruler had stormed Ecbatana “not many years ago.”
ANSWER: Prester John [or Presbyter Johannes; prompt on John]
[10e] John II of Portugal tasked this explorer with locating Prester John on a sea voyage, but sent Pêro da Covilhã (“koo-veel-YAH”) by land. While on the expedition, this explorer sailed around the Cape of Good Hope for the first time.
ANSWER: Bartolomeu Dias
[10h] At the Cape of Good Hope, Dias erected one of these monuments to mark his expedition’s progress. Explorers often marked notable stops with these stone pillars, which were topped with a cross and the Portuguese coat of arms.
ANSWER: padrão (“pah-DROW”) [or padrões (“pah-DROH-ays”)]
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